The boycott ended on December 20, , days after it had begun. The buses in Montgomery were now integrated. Skip to content Black residents walking, Montgomery Bus Boycott, Do you find this information helpful? A small donation would help us keep this accessible to all. Forego a bottle of soda and donate its cost to us for the information you just learned, and feel good about helping to make it available to everyone! Nixon's yard bombed. Montgomery grand jury indicts bus boycott leaders.
Bayard Rustin visits Montgomery. Glenn Smiley interviews King in Montgomery. In Friendship holds founding conference in New York. King found guilty of leading illegal boycott; announces boycott will continue. Bus desegregation mandate arrives; MIA ends boycott. Montgomery buses resume service on integrated basis; King, Ralph Abernathy, E.
Nixon, and Fred Gray ride first desegregated bus. Related Entries Ballou, Maude L. Carey, Archibald J. Fellowship of Reconciliation FOR. Hunter, Lillie Thomas Armstrong. Institute on Nonviolence and Social Change. Jackson, Joseph Harrison. King, Martin Luther, Sr. Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. Reddick, Lawrence Dunbar. Seay, Solomon Snowden, Sr.
Songs and the Civil Rights Movement. Historical Material "Don't Ride the Bus". To the National City Lines, Inc. From Homer Alexander Jack. Ferguson has been impliedly, though not explicitly, overruled,…there is now no rational basis upon which the separate but equal doctrine can be validly applied to public carrier transportation The city of Montgomery appealed the U.
District Court decision to the U. Supreme Court and continued to practice segregation on city busing. For nearly a year, buses were virtually empty in Montgomery. Boycott supporters walked to work--as many as eight miles a day--or they used a sophisticated system of carpools with volunteer drivers and dispatchers. Some took station-wagon "rolling taxis" donated by local churches. Montgomery City Lines lost between 30, and 40, bus fares each day during the boycott.
The bus company that operated the city busing had suffered financially from the seven month long boycott and the city became desperate to end the boycott. Local police began to harass King and other MIA leaders.
Car pool drivers were arrested and taken to court for petty traffic violations. African Americans took pride in the inconveniences caused by limited transportation. Now my feet are tired, and my soul is resting. Board of Education for Montgomery African Americans helped motivate them to continue the boycott.
The company reluctantly desegregated its buses only after November 13, , when the Supreme Court ruled Alabama's bus segregation laws unconstitutional. King instituted the practice of massive non-violent civil disobedience to injustice, which he learned from studying Gandhi. And that there were different reasons for this throughout time. Ula Taylor: So, for example, during the s, we have a certain kind of call for a Black nationalist representation of manhood and womanhood. UC Berkeley photo.
Ula Taylor: And so, there was this whole idea that Black men and women have been taken outside of their gender-specific norms because of slavery.
And we see this largely with Black men being the visual leadership of movements. Eventually, this is going to crack when we see Black women resisting certain kinds of masculine notions of leadership and patriarchy, but it does help to understand why certain organizations were committed to patriarchal ideas about leadership.
And so, all of these things shape how there is a certain kind of masculine and feminine leadership. Narration: Ella Baker was one woman who resisted patriarchal notions of leadership. A civil rights and human rights activist whose career spanned more than five decades, Baker was among the founders of Martin Luther King Jr. Narration: Taylor says that Baker advocated for group leadership instead of relying on just one person to carry an entire cause. Ula Taylor: She was an amazing activist who understood that if you put all of your hopes on a messiah, when that person is gone, then what happens to the movement?
So, she really hammered home the importance of group-centered leadership — that you have to see the leader in yourself in your group, as opposed to relying on anybody outside of yourself. It takes organization.
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